| railsglydride | Date: Thursday, 2013-09-12, 12:06 PM | Message # 1 |
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| Like humans and other vertebrates, some bees are drawn to adventure while others prefer to play it safe. And now researchers have found what separates the thrillseekers from the nervous Nellies in honeybees.The researchers could <a href=http://leausuisse.com>red bottoms discount</a> increase the likelihood (from 7 percent to 13 percent) that any given bee would act like a scout by increasing the glutamate activity, which is involved in memory and noveltyseeking in humans.Bee 'Personalities' Seen In New Study Of Honey Bee Genes"They go out and find new sources of food without being <a href=http://www.yimangou.com>christian louboutin shoes cheap</a> directed <a href=http://toughradio.com>Christian Louboutin 8 Mignons</a> to those sources, while the nonscouts wait in the hive until <a href=http://www.jinli98.com>christian louboutin daffodil boots</a> <a href=http://www.jnwangtong.com>louboutin big lips thigh high boots</a> they are recruited by <a href=http://www.wmahpo.com>christian louboutin bridal shoes 2013</a> a scouter bee," study researcher Gene Robinson, director of the Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, told LiveScience. "They <a href=http://equator-e.com>Christian Louboutin Titi</a> are doing something very different from the rest of their hive mates, even though they live together and they are all very related." <Images>of honeybee scouts in flight]"Even if small, it was significant, and I think it contributes with a strong point of support for the conclusion that glutamate is one of the key molecules" that determines behavior in both vertebrates and invertebrates, Bensch said."Noveltyseeking in <a href=http://toughradio.com>Christian Louboutin 1en8</a> bees and noveltyseeking in humans share some common molecular roots, but it doesn't mean that one evolved from the other," Robinson said. "They are coopted by evolution to give a certain type of trait over and over again."The researchers wanted to see if mucking with these pathways could change the bee's behavior, so they gave the bees drugs that turned up or down the levels of these brain chemicals.Food finderThe researchers watched <a href=http://www.radetrifecta.com>christian louboutin studded pumps</a> bees discover new food sources and those seen visiting a new food sources at least twice were tagged as scouts. They then analyzed the brains of scouts and nonscouts, looking for differences in the activity <a href=http://xnailbiting.com>Christian Louboutin Zipito</a> of thousands of genes.Bee brained"We were able to increase and decrease the likelihood of scouting, ratchet it up and ratchet it down," Robinson said.The honeybee scouts show what researchers call "noveltyseeking behavior" instead of just feeding on the food they find until it runs dry, they spot a food source, report back to the colony, <a href=http://www.conghieuco.com>maillot 160 black christian louboutin replica</a> then go out in search of more.They found more than 1,000 differently expressed genes; several were related to three signaling pathways (catecholamine, glutamate and gammaaminobutyric acid), which are known to regulate noveltyseeking and responding to rewards in vertebrates like humans.The bold <a href=http://insoyz.com>Christian Louboutin rosella</a> bee scouts that go out <a href=http://vizmeapp.com>Christian Louboutin Janet</a> in search of food for their hive show more <a href=http://www.yimangou.com>christian louboutin red pumps uk outlets</a> activity in <a href=http://www.jinli98.com>christian louboutin cate - dark brown</a> certain genes in their brains than do other bees. Some of <a href=http://www.radetrifecta.com>christian louboutin trotte avec moi leather boots black size 11</a> these "personality genes" match up with those seen in vertebrates, the researchers said."It is amazing that behavioral differences within bees appear to involve partly the same molecular pathways as <a href=http://www.bemosoft.com>christian louboutin green flannel booties review</a> in vertebrates, including humans," Staffan Bensch, <a href=http://www.wmahpo.com>christian louboutin black 7.5</a> a professor <a href=http://fedup2012.com>Christian Louboutin Rantus Orlato</a> at Lunds University in Sweden, told LiveScience in an <a href=http://aadayspa.com>Christian Louboutin Hyper Prive</a> email. Bensch wasn't involved in the current study.The study was published today (March 8) in the journal Science. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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